Hi...
I am doing a project on the concept of AUTOMATIC NUMBER PLATE RECOGNITION (ANPR) using matlab using artificial neural network for OCR(Optical Character Recognition). here we initially take an image of car number plate or license plate and perform Image enhancement, Image Segmentation and Character Recognition process to display the license plate characters as output of matlab code. I have executed half of the matlab code till dilation process and have got output successfully.. now I have the entire code of the project but I am getting an error and I am unable to remove it.. so can u please suggest ways to remove it or can u please correct that code... or can u please help me in writing a new code regarding this project... or if u have any ideas.. can u please send me the code...
fi = imread('noplate.jpg');
%imshow(fi)
fin = rgb2gray(fi);
imshow(fin);
d=double(fin)
%imshow(fin)
[r c]= size(d)
% Mexican filter operator
filter = [ 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 ;
0 -1 -1 -3 -3 -3 -1 -1 0;
0 -1 -3 -3 -1 -3 -3 -1 0;
-1 -3 -3 6 13 6 -3 -3 -1;
-1 -3 -1 13 24 13 -1 -3 -1;
-1 -3 -3 -6 13 6 -3 -3 -1;
0 -1 -3 -3 -1 -3 -3 -1 0;
0 -1 -1 -3 -3 -3 -1 -1 0;
0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 ];
% creating image matrix for mexican hat operator
gm = zeros(r,c);
for i=5:2:r-5
for j=5:2:c-5
gm(i,j) = sum(sum(double(fin(i-4:i+4,j-4:j+4)).*filter,2));
end;
end;
% removing the unwanted edges by using a threshold
fh = gm>1200;
%Dilation operation
x = 1;
y =1;
fs = double(fh);
se = ones(3,3);
for x= 3:3:r-20
for y = 3:3:c-20
if(x+50<=r)
xend = x+50;
else
xend = r;
end;
if(y+100<=r)
yend = y + 150;
else
yend = c;
end;
if(sum(fh(x:xend,y))<=35||sum (fh(x,y:yend,2)<=60))
if(sum(fh(x,y:y+3),2)<=3) && (sum(fh(x,y:y+3),2)>2)
fs(x-2:x+2,y-2:y+2)=bwmorph(fh(x-2:x+2,y-2:y+2),'dilate',se);
end;
end;
end;
end;
%imshow(fin)
%image with dilation performed
f=double(fs);
[row col]=size(f);
%initialising a matrix for a segmented image
g=zeros(row,col);
gl=zeros(row,col);
label=1;
n=1;
x=1;
iter=[];
it=0;
ss_prev=0;
nn=[];
sss_mat=[];
for i=1:2:row
for j=1:2:col
r_pt=i;
c_pt=j;
if(g(r_pt,c_pt)==0)
while(true)
|%using 4 neighbour rule|
if(f(r_pt(n),c_pt(n))==1 && g(r_pt(n),c_pt(n))==0)
g(r_pt(n),c_pt(n))=label;
if(r_pt(n)+1<=row)
if(f(r_pt(n)+1,c_pt(n))==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)+1];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
if(c_pt(n)-1>=1)
if(f(r_pt(n),c_pt(n)-1)==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)-1];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
if(c_pt(n)+1<=col)
if(f(r_pt(n),c_pt(n)+1)==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)+1];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
if(r_pt(n)-1>=1)
if(f(r_pt(n)-1,c_pt(n))==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)-1];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
end;
if(n>=x)
break;
end;
n=n+1;
end;
y1=min(r_pt);
y2=max(r_pt);
x1=min(c_pt);
x2=max(c_pt);
a1=g(min(r_pt):max(r_pt),min(c_pt):max(c_pt));
f1=d(min(r_pt):max(r_pt),min(c_pt):max(c_pt));
[ra ca]=size(a1);
| if(n>=50)|
b1=bwlabel(a1);
ss=regionprops(b1,'euler number');
sss=struct2array(ss);
sss=min(sss);
sss_mat=[sss_mat sss];
if(sss<ss_prev && sss<0 && ca <=190 && ra<=60 && ca>=50 && ra >=15 && mean(mean(f1))<=220)
x_cor1=x1;
y_cor1=y1;
x_cor2=x2;
y_cor2=y2;
ss_prev=sss;
end;
label=label+1;
else
g(r_pt,c_pt)=0;
end;
end;x=1;
n=1;
it=1;
end;
end;
if(exist('y_cor1')==1)
d(y_cor1:y_cor1+2,x_cor1:x_cor2)=255;
d(y_cor2:y_cor2+2,x_cor1:x_cor2)=255;
d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor1:x_cor1+2)=255;
d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor2:x_cor2+2)=255;
end;
% Segmented licence plate image
d=mat2gray(d);
|lp=d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor1:x_cor2);|
%%% 2. Character Segmentation
%License plate image, characters of wcich are to be segmented
lp1 = d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor1:x_cor2);
[rl cl] = size(lp1);
% Median Filtering
lp = medfilt2(lp1,[3 3]);
% Contrast Enhancement
lpf = imadjust(lp,stretchlim(lp,[0.1 0.5]));
%creating output image matrix
output= zeros(rl,cl);
% Window for local threshold operation
dis = round(cl/7);
% Local threshold operation
for i=1:dis:cl
if(i+dis-1<=cl)
t=threshcal(lpf(:,i:i+dis-1),a);
for i=1:dis:cl
if(i+dis-1<=cl)
t=threshcal(lpf(:,i:i+dis-1),a);
output(:,i:i+dis-1)=lpf(:,i:i+dis-1)<=t;
else
t=threshcal(lpf(:,i:cl),a);
for z1=2:rl-1
for z2=i+5:cl-5
if(mean(mean(lpf(z1-1:z1+1,z2-5:z2+5)))<=t)
output(z1,z2)=1;
end;
end;
end;
output(:,i:cl)=lpf(:,i:cl)<=t;
end;
end;
end;
end;
% Structuring element for erosion operation
se = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]
output = output - imerode(output,se);
[of lab lpdet] = reggrowl(logical(output),number);
% Segmented characters
lpdet = logical(lpdet);
% Character Recognition
% output String giving licence plate information
lpstr=[];
for i= 1:lab-1
R = lpdet(:,st:st+9);
st = st+10;
b = bwlabel(R);
% Feature extraction
ar = struct2array(regionprops(b,'area'));
or = struct2aarray(regionprops(b,'orientation'))/90;
eu = struct2array(regionprops(b,'eulernumber'))/10;
pe = struct2array(regionprops(b,'perimeter'));
mi = struct2array(regionprops(b,'minoraxislength'));
ma = struct2array(regionprops(b,'majoraxislength'));
temp = logical(R);
% Reflection X and Y coefficient determination
v1 = temp;
v1(:,6:10)=flipdim(temp(:,1:5),2);
vx = (v1 + temp)/2;
vx = vx>=0.5;
xcoef = sum(sum(temp),2)/sum(sum(vx),2);
v2 = temp;
v2(1:12,:) = flipdim(temp(13:24,:),1);
vy = (v2 + temp)/2;
vy = vy >= 0.5;
ycoef = sum(sum(temp),2)/sum(sum(vy),2);
ed = struct2array(regionprops(b,'equivdiameter'))/100;
[val pos] = max(fa);
vcoeff = pe(pos)/ar(pos);
mcoeff = ed(pos);
Rp = [xcoef/ycoef;pe(pos)/ar(pos);mi(pos)/ma(pos)];
answer=find(compet(A2)==1);
if(i<=numel(lpnum))
if(alphamat(answer)==lpnum(i))
numrc = numrc+1;
else
answ = find(alphamat==lpnum(i));
err(answ) = err(answ) + 1;
end;
end;
lpstr = [lpstr alphamat(answer)];
end;
numc = numc + numel(lpnum);
if(strcmp(lpstr,lpnum)==1)
tr = tr + 1;
sr = strcat(num2str(num),'/',num2str(1),'//');
casep = [casep sr];
else
fr = fr +1;
sr = strcat(num2str(num),'/',num2str(1),'/',num2str(answer),'//');
casen = [casen sr];
end;
Thanking you, With regards, Rakshitha
No products are associated with this question.
function [LPImageGray,LPImageBW,BW2,BW3,stats,LPImageTH,EdgeImage,imrefdata,ids,im] = AnprEngine( LPImage,thresh)
%ANPRENGINE Summary of this function goes here
% Process image input analytics and output licence plate alphanumeric string
% Based on static image
tic
%%
% Variables Initialization
% EligibleBands = zeros(3,2);
% Pointer = 1;
% Sensing = 0;
% MinimalHeight = 15;
srcData = load('AnprSysData.mat');
imrefdata = srcData.AlphaNumRef;
im = [];
C = zeros(109);
% toc
%%
% Pre-process LPImage
LPImageGray = rgb2gray(LPImage);
LPImageTH = imtophat(LPImageGray,strel('ball',12,7));%Close ball 18 7/ Far ball 12 4
imadjust(LPImageTH,[0;0.1],[0;1]);
%[EdgeImage, thr, gv, gh] = edge(LPImageGray,'sobel','nothinning');
[EdgeImage, ~, ~] = edge(LPImageGray,'sobel');
LPImageBW = ~im2bw(LPImageTH,thresh);
%LPImageVH = edge(LPImageGray, 'sobel',0.11,'vertical');
%sz = size(LPImage);
toc
%%
% Skew detection Spacial Transformation correction
%%
% Process Image ROI candidates, Heuristic and Bands Elimamination
toc
ProjectionVH = sum(LPImageVH,2);%Compute sum of Horizontal Projection of vertical lines
maxIndexValue = find(ProjectionVH == max(ProjectionVH), 1,'last');%Find Max Index Value of ProjectionVH 1*m Matrix
% Locate most significative eligible bands.
sensor = mean(ProjectionVH);% Define standard deviation of ProjectionVH to find eligible bands
for idx = 1:sz(1,1)
if(ProjectionVH(idx) > sensor && Sensing == 0)
Sensing = 1;
EligibleBands(Pointer, 1) = idx;
end
if(ProjectionVH(idx) < sensor && Sensing == 1)
Sensing = 0;
EligibleBands(Pointer, 2) = idx;
if((EligibleBands(Pointer, 2)-EligibleBands(Pointer, 1))>MinimalHeight)
Pointer = Pointer + 1;
end
end
end
for i = 1:sz(1,1)
if(i < EligibleBands(1,1) || i > EligibleBands(1,2))
LPImageBW(i,:) = 0;
end
end
%% % Locate Licence Plate Bands
%%
% Blobs Analysis
CC = bwconncomp(LPImageBW);
stats = regionprops(CC, 'Area','BoundingBox','Image');
ids = find([stats.Area] > 8 & [stats.Area] < 250);
BW2 = ismember(labelmatrix(CC),ids);
toc
%%
% Blobs Analysis
CC2 = bwconncomp(~LPImageBW);
stats2 = regionprops(CC2,'Area','BoundingBox','Eccentricity');
ids2 = find([stats2.Area] > 20 & [stats2.Eccentricity] > 0.95);
BW3 = ismember(labelmatrix(CC2),ids2);
%BW3 = [];% ismember(labelmatrix(CC2),ids2);
toc
%%
% Pre-OCR
for k=1:length(ids)
imOriginal = stats(ids(k)).Image;
BB = stats(ids(k)).BoundingBox;
NormIm{1,1} = resizem(imOriginal,[60,30]);
NormIm{2,1} = BB(4)/BB(3);
[NormIm{3,1} NormIm{4,1}, NormIm{5,1}] = getMaxCorrelationRate(NormIm{1,1},imrefdata);
if(BB(4)/BB(3)>=1.4 && BB(4)/BB(3)<=2 || BB(4)/BB(3)>=3 && BB(4)/BB(3)<=10)
im = [im NormIm];
%imshow(cell2mat(PD(1,:))) %to display all column in first row on NormIm
%output
%imshow(cell2mat(E2(2)))
end
end
toc
%%
% OCR Function
function [Rate,id, Letter] = getMaxCorrelationRate(imOriginal,imrefdata)
for n=1:length(imrefdata)
Rates(n) = corr2(imOriginal,cell2mat(imrefdata(1,n)));
end
[Rate,id] = max(Rates);
if(Rate>0.48)
Letter = imrefdata{2,id};
else
Letter ='';
end;
end
%%
% OCR AlphaNumerical resolution%% % LPNumber = 'Hello Plate'; %% Output end % It uses correlation instead of ANN. % All is in AnprSysData.mat file Chars are indexed from 1 to 109
% Author Mahjoub El attar 2002-2006 for smartKam. For more information feel free to contact me at my profile email contact address.
K Sir.. but in the line
CC = bwconncomp(LPImageBW); bwconncomp is undefined.
Hello, "bwconncomp" is an image processing built-in function.
On binary connected component!
Sir, for
LPImageBW = ~im2bw(LPImageTH,thresh);
as you have said I gave the thresh value= 0.17 ie
LPImageBW = ~im2bw(LPImageTH,0.17);
later for CC = bwconncomp(LPImageBW); it shows error as
??? Undefined function or method 'bwconncomp' for input arguments of type 'logical'.
fi = imread('noplate.jpg');
%imshow(fi)
fin = rgb2gray(fi);
imshow(fin);
d=double(fin)
%imshow(fin)
[r c]= size(d)
% Mexican filter operator
filter = [ 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 ; 0 -1 -1 -3 -3 -3 -1 -1 0; 0 -1 -3 -3 -1 -3 -3 -1 0; -1 -3 -3 6 13 6 -3 -3 -1; -1 -3 -1 13 24 13 -1 -3 -1; -1 -3 -3 -6 13 6 -3 -3 -1; 0 -1 -3 -3 -1 -3 -3 -1 0; 0 -1 -1 -3 -3 -3 -1 -1 0; 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 ];
% creating image matrix for mexican hat operator
gm = zeros(r,c);
for i=5:2:r-5
for j=5:2:c-5
gm(i,j) = sum(sum(double(fin(i-4:i+4,j-4:j+4)).*filter,2));
end;
end;
% removing the unwanted edges by using a threshold
fh = gm>1200;
%Dilation operation
x = 1;
y =1;
fs = double(fh);
se = ones(3,3);
for x= 3:3:r-20
for y = 3:3:c-20
if(x+50<=r)
xend = x+50;
else
xend = r;
end;
if(y+100<=r)
yend = y + 150;
else
yend = c;
end;
if(sum(fh(x:xend,y))<=35||sum (fh(x,y:yend,2)<=60))
if(sum(fh(x,y:y+3),2)<=3) && (sum(fh(x,y:y+3),2)>2)
fs(x-2:x+2,y-2:y+2)=bwmorph(fh(x-2:x+2,y-2:y+2),'dilate',se);
end;
end;
end;
end;
%imshow(fin)
%image with dilation performed
f=double(fs);
[row col]=size(f);
%initialising a matrix for a segmented image
g=zeros(row,col);
gl=zeros(row,col);
label=1;
n=1;
x=1;
iter=[];
it=0;
ss_prev=0;
nn=[];
sss_mat=[];
for i=1:2:row
for j=1:2:col
r_pt=i;
c_pt=j;
if(g(r_pt,c_pt)==0)
while(true)
%using 4 neighbour rule
if(f(r_pt(n),c_pt(n))==1 && g(r_pt(n),c_pt(n))==0)
g(r_pt(n),c_pt(n))=label;
if(r_pt(n)+1<=row)
if(f(r_pt(n)+1,c_pt(n))==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)+1];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
if(c_pt(n)-1>=1)
if(f(r_pt(n),c_pt(n)-1)==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)-1];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
if(c_pt(n)+1<=col)
if(f(r_pt(n),c_pt(n)+1)==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)+1];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
if(r_pt(n)-1>=1)
if(f(r_pt(n)-1,c_pt(n))==1)
r_pt=[r_pt r_pt(n)-1];
c_pt=[c_pt c_pt(n)];
x=x+1;
end;
end;
end;
if(n>=x)
break;
end;
n=n+1;
end;
y1=min(r_pt);
y2=max(r_pt);
x1=min(c_pt);
x2=max(c_pt);
a1=g(min(r_pt):max(r_pt),min(c_pt):max(c_pt));
f1=d(min(r_pt):max(r_pt),min(c_pt):max(c_pt));
[ra ca]=size(a1);
| if(n>=50)|
b1=bwlabel(a1);
ss=regionprops(b1,'euler number');
sss=struct2array(ss);
sss=min(sss);
sss_mat=[sss_mat sss];
if(sss<ss_prev && sss<0 && ca <=190 && ra<=60 && ca>=50 && ra >=15 && mean(mean(f1))<=220)
x_cor1=x1;
y_cor1=y1;
x_cor2=x2;
y_cor2=y2;
ss_prev=sss;
end;
label=label+1;
else
g(r_pt,c_pt)=0;
end;
end;x=1;
n=1;
it=1;
end;
end;
if(exist('y_cor1')==1)
d(y_cor1:y_cor1+2,x_cor1:x_cor2)=255;
d(y_cor2:y_cor2+2,x_cor1:x_cor2)=255;
d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor1:x_cor1+2)=255;
d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor2:x_cor2+2)=255;
end;
% Segmented licence plate image
d=mat2gray(d);
lp=d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor1:x_cor2);
%%% 2. Character Segmentation
%License plate image, characters of wcich are to be segmented
lp1 = d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor1:x_cor2);
[rl cl] = size(lp1);
% Median Filtering
lp = medfilt2(lp1,[3 3]);
% Contrast Enhancement
lpf = imadjust(lp,stretchlim(lp,[0.1 0.5]));
%creating output image matrix
output= zeros(rl,cl);
% Window for local threshold operation
dis = round(cl/7);
% Local threshold operation
for i=1:dis:cl
if(i+dis-1<=cl)
t=threshcal(lpf(:,i:i+dis-1),a);
for i=1:dis:cl
if(i+dis-1<=cl)
t=threshcal(lpf(:,i:i+dis-1),a);
output(:,i:i+dis-1)=lpf(:,i:i+dis-1)<=t;
else
t=threshcal(lpf(:,i:cl),a);
for z1=2:rl-1
for z2=i+5:cl-5
if(mean(mean(lpf(z1-1:z1+1,z2-5:z2+5)))<=t)
output(z1,z2)=1;
end;
end;
end;
output(:,i:cl)=lpf(:,i:cl)<=t;
end;
end;
end;
end;
% Structuring element for erosion operation
se = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]
output = output - imerode(output,se);
[of lab lpdet] = reggrowl(logical(output),number);
% Segmented characters
lpdet = logical(lpdet);
% Character Recognition
% output String giving licence plate information
lpstr=[];
for i= 1:lab-1
R = lpdet(:,st:st+9);
st = st+10;
b = bwlabel(R);
% Feature extraction
ar = struct2array(regionprops(b,'area'));
or = struct2aarray(regionprops(b,'orientation'))/90;
eu = struct2array(regionprops(b,'eulernumber'))/10;
pe = struct2array(regionprops(b,'perimeter'));
mi = struct2array(regionprops(b,'minoraxislength'));
ma = struct2array(regionprops(b,'majoraxislength'));
temp = logical(R);
% Reflection X and Y coefficient determination
v1 = temp;
v1(:,6:10)=flipdim(temp(:,1:5),2);
vx = (v1 + temp)/2;
vx = vx>=0.5;
xcoef = sum(sum(temp),2)/sum(sum(vx),2);
v2 = temp;
v2(1:12,:) = flipdim(temp(13:24,:),1);
vy = (v2 + temp)/2;
vy = vy >= 0.5;
ycoef = sum(sum(temp),2)/sum(sum(vy),2);
ed = struct2array(regionprops(b,'equivdiameter'))/100;
[val pos] = max(fa);
vcoeff = pe(pos)/ar(pos);
mcoeff = ed(pos);
Rp = [xcoef/ycoef;pe(pos)/ar(pos);mi(pos)/ma(pos)];
answer=find(compet(A2)==1);
if(i<=numel(lpnum))
if(alphamat(answer)==lpnum(i))
numrc = numrc+1;
else
answ = find(alphamat==lpnum(i));
err(answ) = err(answ) + 1;
end;
end;
lpstr = [lpstr alphamat(answer)];
end;
numc = numc + numel(lpnum);
if(strcmp(lpstr,lpnum)==1)
tr = tr + 1;
sr = strcat(num2str(num),'/',num2str(1),'//');
casep = [casep sr];
else
fr = fr +1;
sr = strcat(num2str(num),'/',num2str(1),'/',num2str(answer),'//');
casen = [casen sr];
end; %% Now your code is a little more clear....
Some parts look good, but some are not.
Don't forget the basics of algo programming.
If you cannot tell it well, you cannot program it as well.
You don't need mexican filter.
Any license plate in the world is based on contrast.
It should look like this one under!
Hi, You must use it as this. A = AnprEngine(Image, 0.17); Ok.... let me zip all files with the User-Interface "GUI" and testing snapshots.
Hello.
I'm on an urgent and time consuming work that makes me working all the week-end.
Yes I'm sorry I didn't sent you all files yet.
Hope I'll get some time to zip all this by tomorrow.
Friendly
8 Comments
Direct link to this comment:
http://www.mathworks.de/matlabcentral/answers/33918#comment_70919
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/13205-tutorial-how-to-format-your-question-with-markup
Direct link to this comment:
http://www.mathworks.de/matlabcentral/answers/33918#comment_70927
It makes it easier for us if you tell us what error you see, on which line. We do not have your images, so we cannot run the program to see the results ourselves.
Direct link to this comment:
http://www.mathworks.de/matlabcentral/answers/33918#comment_70953
You say "I am getting an error and I am unable to remove it" - well apparently you did remove it from your question. We have no idea what the error is because you didn't include it.
Direct link to this comment:
http://www.mathworks.de/matlabcentral/answers/33918#comment_71149
Sir I am getting the error as
"??? Undefined function or variable 'y_cor1'.
Error in ==> prog_part1 at 152
lp=d(y_cor1:y_cor2,x_cor1:x_cor2);"
May be the actual problem may lie in the Neighbour rule loop.. because variable 'x' is not getting incremented (donno why 'x' is not satisfying any condition) and hence may satisfy 108th line
if(n>=x)
break;
and ends in break.. so the next 'if' loop of line 120 may not satisfy and the further inner loops line 126
if(sss<ss_prev && sss<0 && ca <=190 && ra<=60 && ca>=50 && ra >=15 && mean(mean(f1))<=220)
may not be working... may be it not entering the main 'if' loop of line 120 itself and hence that loop may not be working... I am not sure whether this is the reason or not.. plese help me in getting the output through this code as early as possible because i have vry less time for implementation.
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Input image can be any image of a number plate or licencse plate of a car.
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Can you learn how to use the debugger to set breakpoints and step through your code to find out why loops are not getting entered, variables aren't getting assigned and are undefined/empty? That is FAR more efficient than asking us to do that for you. You will discover problems with your code faster that way than posting here and waiting for us. This looks like an easy, straightforward debugging task to me.
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K Sir, thank you so much... i will try using debuggers.
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Hello Rakshita.
With respect....
I'd like to solve your problem.
But code is not clear, not segmented and not commented.
It's big time consuming answer.
If you expect help, you need to provide clear and readable code.
Friendly.